1. Cables that connect the whole world together use fiber optic lenses that use light to transfer information. The light bounces back and forth through the cables and since light is extremely fast the information is sent quickly.
2. The cables are about 1-2 inches in width
3. They are placed under water across oceans and putting them in is a long expensive task.
4. There is potential capacity and it capacity. Potential capacity is the capacity it would have if its owner installed all available equipment at the end of the cable.
5. Safety in numbers basically means that if you have so many cables all around the world a few can break and its not going to end everything. So if there was only one or two continuous cables and one broke than that would cut information off for millions of people or even billions.
6. 2/3 of broken cables are due to anchors being dragged across them. The other 1/3 is from environmental factors like earthquakes or a shark bite.
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